There has been a continual debate on which programming language/s to learn, to use. As the latest TIOBE Programming Community Index for August 2021 indicates – C (13%), Python (12%), C++ (7%), Java (10%), and C#(5%) together control nearly half the programming activities worldwide. Further, C Programming Language Family (C, C++, C#, Objective C etc.) dominate more than 25% of activities. Hence, learning C++ is important as one learns about the entire family, about Object-Oriented Programming and gets a solid foundation to also migrate to Java and Python as needed. C++ is the mother of most general purpose of languages. It is multi-paradigm encompassing procedural, object-oriented, generic, and even functional programming. C++ has primarily been the systems language till C++03 which punches efficiency of the code with the efficacy of OOP. Then, why should I learn it if my primary focus is on applications? This is where the recent updates of C++, namely, C++11 and several later offer excellent depths and flexibility for C++ that no language can match. These extensions attempt to alleviate some of the long-standing shortcomings for C++ including porous resource management, error-prone pointer handling, expression semantics, and better readability. The present course builds up on the knowledge of C programming and basic data structure (array, list, stack, queue etc.) to create a strong familiarity with C++98 / C++03. Besides the constructs, syntax and semantics of C++ (over C), we also focus on various idioms of C++ and attempt to go to depth with every C++ feature justifying and illustrating them with several examples and assignment problems. On the way, we illustrate various OOP concepts. The course also covers important advances in C++ 11 and later released features..
Programming In Modern C++ Week 10 Programming Assignment.
INTENDED AUDIENCE : Any interested audience
PREREQUISITES : 10th standard/high school
INDUSTRY SUPPORT : Programming in C++ is so fundamental that all companies dealing with systems as well as application development (including web, IoT, embedded systems) have a need for the same. These include – Microsoft, Samsung, Xerox, Yahoo, Oracle, Google, IBM, TCS, Infosys, Amazon, Flipkart, etc. This course would help industry developers to be up-to-date with the advances in C++ so that they can remain at the state-of-the-art.
Course Layout
Programming Assignment Q1
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
namespace Ver1{
inline namespace Ver1_1 { //LINE-1
int addAll(std::list<int> i_list){
int sum = 0;
for(auto i : i_list){
sum += i;
}
return sum;
}
}
namespace Ver1_1 { //LINE-2
template<typename T>
T addAll(std::list<T> t_list){
T sum = 0;
for(auto i : t_list){
sum += i;
}
return sum;
}
}
}
using namespace Ver1; //LINE-3
int main(){
int n;
std::cin >> n;
std::list<int> ilist;
std::list<double> dlist;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
int x;
std::cin >> x;
ilist.push_back(x);
}
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
double x;
std::cin >> x;
dlist.push_back(x);
}
std::cout << Ver1_1::addAll(ilist) << " ";
std::cout << addAll(ilist) << " ";
std::cout << addAll(dlist);
return 0;
}
Programming Assignment Q2
#include <iostream>
int getNumber(char c){
return int(c);
}
int getNumber(double d){
return int(d);
}
double getNumber(int i){
return double(i);
}
template<class T, class U> //LINE-1
auto divide(T n1, U n2) -> decltype(getNumber(n1)/getNumber(n2)) { //LINE-2
return getNumber(n1) / getNumber(n2);
}
int main(){
int a;
double b;
char c;
std::cin >> a >> b >> c;
std::cout << divide(c, a) << " ";
std::cout << divide(c, b);
return 0;
}
Programming Assignment Q3
#include <iostream>
class point {
public:
point(int x = 0, int y = 0) : _px(new int(x)), _py(new int(x)) { }
point(const point& p) : _px(new int(*(p._px) * 2)),
_py(new int(*(p._py) * 2)) { }
point& operator=(const point& p) {
if (this != &p) {
delete _px;
delete _py;
_px = new int(*(p._px) * 3);
_py = new int(*(p._py) * 3);
}
return *this;
}
~point() { delete _px; delete _py; }
point(point&& p) noexcept : _px(p._px), _py(p._py) {
//code-segment-1
_px = new int(*(p._px) * 4);
_py = new int(*(p._py) * 4);
p._px=nullptr;
p._py=nullptr;
}
point& operator=(point&& p) noexcept{
//code-segment-2
delete _px;
delete _py;
_px = new int(*(p._px) * 5);
_py = new int(*(p._py) * 5);
p._px=nullptr;
p._py=nullptr;
}
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const point& p) {
std::cout << "(" << *(p._px) << ", " << *(p._py) << ")";
return os;
}
friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& os, point& p) {
std::cin >> *(p._px) >> *(p._py);
return os;
}
private:
int *_px = nullptr, *_py = nullptr;
};
int main(){
point p1;
std::cin >> p1;
point p2 = p1;
point p3;
p3 = p1;
std::cout << p1 << ", " << p2 << ", " << p3 << std::endl;
point p4 = std::move(p1);
std::cout << p4 << ", ";
point p5;
p5 = std::move(p4);
std::cout << p5;
return 0;
}